Mgbakọ Structure Steel Na Saịtị + Integral Hoisting Construction Workflow + Ihe ndị dị mkpa

Okwu mmalite:N'imeihe owuwu ihe owuwu ígwè, "Mgbakọ nke ala + ihe dị arọ nke crane integral hoisting" (ịchịkọta ihe owuwu ahụ kpamkpam n'ala ma na-ebuli ya n'ọnọdụ dị ka otu unit na-eji cranes dị arọ) bụ otu n'ime ụzọ ndị kasị dị irè, nchekwa na àgwà a na-achịkwa ihe owuwu dị taa.

E jiri ya tụnyere “mgbakọ rụrụ arụ dị elu dị elu” (ịchịkọta akụkụ otu akụkụ dị elu n'ikuku), usoro a na-ebelata nke ọma ọrụ dị ize ndụ n'ịdị elu, na-ebelata ọnụego ntụpọ ịgbado ọkụ, ma na-achịkwa nrụrụ nhazi nke ọma. Agbanyeghị, ọ na-achọ nkwadebe saịtị siri ike, ntọala mgbakọ jig dị elu, mgbako injinia na-ebuli elu, yana akara na iwu saịtị na-enweghị ntụpọ.

N'okpuru ebe a bụ ntuziaka teknụzụ zuru oke na ahaziri makana saịtị ígwè Ọdịdịmgbakọ na integral hoisting-ahaziri na doro anya workflows na bara uru, n'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ oru chọrọ maka mfe ntụaka.

I. Isi nkọwa nke usoro ihe owuwu

Ihe eji arụ ọrụ arụ ọrụ: prefabrication ụlọ ọrụ nke ihe nchara na ngalaba → Mgbakọ ala na saịtị na jigs → Welding correction, weld test (NDT) & agba mmetụ → Otu ihe jikọrọ ọnụ n'ime ọnọdụ → Idozi na nhazi nhazi.

Uru ndị bụ isi

•  Ọrụ gbadoro ụkwụ n'ala: A na-arụ ọrụ izizi n'ala, na-ebelata oke egwu ọdịda na ihe egwu dị elu.

• Ọdịmma a na-achịkwa: Mgbakọ, ịgbado ọkụ, na nhazigharị na-ewere ọnọdụ n'ime ebe kwụsiri ike, nke nwere ike ịnweta, na-ahụ na nkenke dị elu ma wuo mma.

•  Ịrụ ọrụ dị elu: welding na bolting dị elu, na-eme ka ọganihu ihe owuwu dị ngwa ngwa.

Oke

•  Achọrọ nnukwu Mgbakọ: Na-achọ ebe sara mbara, larịị na nke ọma nke ọma maka mgbakọ saịtị.

•  Ngwaọrụ dị arọ na nyocha siri ike: chọrọ cranes na-ebuli ụda dị elu yana mgbako injinia siri ike maka ibuli ọnọdụ na ikike ibu ala.

Ihe ndapụta dị

Owuwu ihe owuwu ígwè mepere emepe, dị ka nnukwu-span ígwè trusses, nchara nchara modul, multi-span ígwè okpokolo agba, na arọ crane girder mgbakọ.

II. Usoro ihe owuwu ahaziri ahazi zuru oke

Usoro nhazi ọkọlọtọ: Nkwadebe ihe owuwu → Nhazi saịtị & nkwekọrịta → Mgbakọ Jig Setup & Nnabata → Ngwakọta Ngwakọta & Nleba anya → Mgbakọ Ground → Ọrụ Welding → Weld Testing (NDT) & Anti-Corrosion Paint Touch-up → Ebuli Lug & Rigging Setup → Nnwale Nleba → Nleba Nleba → Nleba anya Ndozi nke ọma & Ndozi nwa oge → Nyochaghachi Axes Grid & Nkwalite → Njikọ Na-adịgide adịgide & Mgbakwunye → Mwepụ Rigging → Nnabata oru ngo → Mgbakọ Jig Dismantling

1. Nkwadebe ihe owuwu nke mmalite (nzọụkwụ kacha njọ)

Ọ bụrụ na nkwadebe nke mbido ezughị oke, okwu ndị dị ka nrụrụ nrụzi, ntughari ma ọ bụ mmejọ akụkụ nwere ike ime ngwa ngwa n'oge mgbakọ na ebuli. Lekwasị anya nke ọma na ọrụ anọ ndị a bụ isi:

•  Mee atụmatụ nke mbụ: Kwadebe atụmatụ mbuli elu raara onwe ya nye. Maka nnukwu ihe egwu, arụmọrụ dị oke egwu, nyocha ndị ọkachamara na nnabata iwu bụ iwu. Mgbakọ injinia zuru ezu maka ọnọdụ kreenu arụ ọrụ, nrụgide ndị otu, ikike ibu ala, na ibuli elu.

•  Nnwale ihe onwunwe na akwụkwọ: Nyochaa asambodo ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke nkwekọ, akụkọ nyocha igwe igwe (MTR), ndekọ nnwale na-adịghị emebi ụlọ ọrụ (NDT), na mpempe akwụkwọ nkwenye akụkụ. Kpebisie ike na ihe ọ bụla na-akwadoghị ịbanye na saịtị ọrụ.

•  Atụmatụ nhazi saịtị: Kpọpụta nke ọma mpaghara dị iche iche maka nchekwa akụrụngwa, ọrụ mgbakọ ala, yana n'ọkwado njem crane/mwụpụ. Maka ntọala ala dị nro, gwupụta ma dochie ya na azụ azụ siri ike, kọmpat, na pave / mee ka ala sie ike tupu oge eruo.

•  Nkọwapụta nchekwa ndị mmadụ: Welders, ndị na-arụ kreenu, ndị na-egosi akara, na ndị na-agba mgba ga-ejiderịrị asambodo ntozu. Mezu nchekwa nke ọma na nkọwa teknụzụ maka ndị ọrụ niile, na-akọwapụta ọrụ onye ọ bụla na mmachibido iwu nchekwa.

2. Mgbakọ Jig Mbido na nnabata

Jig mgbakọ (ala nkwado etiti) dị mkpa maka mgbakọ nkenke. Mgbakọ nkịtị ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị mma, amachibidoro usoro ihe eji eme ihe!

•  Jiri Steel Structural Standard: Mepụta jigs site na iji ngalaba nchara ọkọlọtọ mba iji hụ na nkwụsi ike zuru oke na nkwụsi ike, na-egbochi mmezi ala, ngbanwe nhazi, ma ọ bụ ịma jijiji mgbe ebuchara ya.

•  Ntọlite ​​na ọnọdụ nke ọma: Depụta ahịrị ntuziaka n'ụzọ ziri ezi; jikwaa anyụike grid nke ọma, ịdị elu na ịdị larịị. Maka akụkụ buru ibu, wuo na pre-camber (nke a na-ama ụma na-arịgo elu) dịka nkọwapụta nke imewe siri dị iji gbochie mgbaghara n'ọdịniihu n'okpuru ibu ọrụ.

•  Nnyocha raara onwe ya nye & nbanye: A ga-emerịrị nyocha pụrụiche mgbe emechara ntọlite ​​​​jig. Dekọọ ma chekwaa nha nha nha, elu na ịdị larịị niile. Enwere ike iji jig ahụ naanị mgbe mbipụchara ya

3. Nnyefe akụrụngwa na Mgbakọ Ala

Mgbakọ ala bụ isi usoro maka ịchịkwa ogo nhazi n'ozuzu ya. Ijikwa nke ọma dị mkpa:

•  Nnyocha akụrụngwa mbata: Nyochaa akụrụngwa ọ bụla mgbe ị bịarutere maka ọdịdị, nrụrụ mbupu, mkpuchi mkpuchi, na itinye oghere bolt. Dozie ma mezie obere nrụrụ tupu mgbakọ.

•  Jig Ndozi & Ndozi: Mgbe ị nọnyechara ihe ndị ahụ n'elu jig ahụ, jiri jakị hydraulic na eriri guy mee ka ọ dị mma ma jikwaa ogologo oge, ahịrị axis, elu, oghere mgbọrọgwụ (ọpụpụ nkwado nkwonkwo), na nhazi kwụ ọtọ.

•  Tack Welding site n'aka ndị welder enwetara ikike: Ndị welder nwere asambodo ga-emerịrị ịgbado ọkụ (welds na-ejide nwa oge). Ogologo weld na ogologo ụkwụ fillet ga-enwerịrị ụkpụrụ teknụzụ, na-egbochi porosity, cracks, na ntụpọ ịgbado ọkụ ndị ọzọ.

•  Symmetrical Welding & Stress Relief: ịgbado ọkụ nke ọma ga-agbasorịrị ụkpụrụ nke "ịgbado ọkụ n'azụ" na "ịgbado ọkụ n'azụ" (ịgbado ọkụ na akụkụ ndị ọzọ na-agbanwe agbanwe) iji hapụ nrụgide okpomọkụ ma belata ọgụ. Maka nnukwu efere ígwè, mejuputa preheating na interpass njikwa okpomọkụ.

•  Nkwenye Mgbakọ gachara: Mgbe mgbakọ gachara, tụleghachi nke ọma n'ogo n'ozuzu ya, ụkpụrụ camber, na kwụ ọtọ n'akụkụ iji kwe nkwa nnabata zuru oke na koodu injinia na eserese imewe.

4. Weld nnyocha na mgbochi corrosion Paint Touch-elu

•  Nnwale na-adịghị emebi emebi (NDT): Mee nnwale Ultrasonic (UT) ma ọ bụ Nnwale redio (RT) n'otu nkọwapụta. Weld ọ bụla na-akwadoghị, a ga-ewepụcha ya kpamkpam, gbanyegharịa ya, ma nwaleghachi ya ruo mgbe ruru 100%.

•  Nhicha & Mwegharị Weld: Ghichaa nkwonkwo welded nke ọma, wepụ nchara, slag na spatter, wee tinye ngwa ngwa mgbochi corrosion primer na topcoat iji hụ na usoro mkpuchi mkpuchi na-aga n'ihu na adịghị emebi emebi.

•  Mkpuchi ihu: Chekwaa elu kọntaktị mgbakasị mgbakasị ike dị elu, oghere bolt, na akwa agba agbachachara site na spatter weld, mmetọ griiz/mmanụ na ncha.

5. Ihe na-ebuli elu na Nhọrọ Rigging

Iwu nchekwa nchekwa isi: agbanwela isi ihe na-ebuli elu na-enweghị ikike, ejikọtala mgbagha na-adaghị adaba, na etinyela ihe mejupụtara ya n'aka ndị agha na-ekwesịghị ekwesị.

•  Jiri akpa ebuli emebere emebere: Na-eji ihe ebuli elu emebere nke ọma mgbe niile, nke arụpụtara ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe (anya pad). Amachibidoro ịgbado ọkụ na saịtị ma ọ bụ mkpọpu oghere maka ebe ebuli ihe arụrụ arụ. All ebuli lug weld ga-enyocha 100% NDT.

•  Ngụkọta ike nke mgbanaka: Họrọ ụdọ ígwè, agbụ, na ebuli èbè gbadoro ụkwụ na ibu gbakọrọ, na-etinye ihe nchekwa nchekwa dị ike. Amachibidoro ibufe ibu oke.

•  Ndị nchekwa nkuku: Wụnye ihe nchekwa nkuku (ihe nro dị nro/nche ihu) n'akụkụ akụkụ niile dị nkọ na n'ọnụ ndị otu igwe iji gbochie eriri waya ka ebipụ ma ọ bụ mebie ya.

•  Mmekwalite nwa oge: Tinye struts/ndị otu nkwado nwa oge ka ọ bụrụ nke dị gịrịgịrị ma ọ bụ nke nwere obere mgbidi (dị ka ogologo trusses) iji gbochie mgbagọ, mgbagha, ma ọ bụ nrụrụ mpaghara n'oge ebuli elu.

6. Nnwale ebuli ọnwụnwa (A ga-ahapụrịrị ya)

Ebuli ikpe bụ ihe mgbochi ikpeazụ megide ịbuli ihe mberede.

•  Welite na Hover: Welite ngwa ngwa 200–300 mm n'ime jig mgbakọ ahụ, ma jide ya n'ikuku maka nkeji 5 ruo 10.

•  Nnyocha zuru oke: nyochaa nke ọma: ọnọdụ ibu dị n'ebe ebuli elu, nrụrụ mgbagha, ngbanwe nke ndị otu na mpaghara, nkwụsi ike kreenu, mmezi ala n'okpuru mpụ, yana nnyonye anya ma ọ bụ ọnyà ọ bụla na jig.

•  Iwetu ngwa ngwa n'ihe na-adịghị mma: Ọ bụrụ na ahụre mkpọtụ pụrụ iche, mgbagha n'usoro, ma ọ bụ ndozi ala gabigara, wetuo ihe ahụ azụ na jig ozugbo. Enwere ike ibuli elu nke ọma naanị ka akwadochara omume mmezi.

7. Nkwalite ọgbakọ zuru oke, idobe ya na nchekwa nwa oge

• Ịrịba Ama Otu Onye Dị n'Otu: Ọrụ ga-abụrịrị onye otu ọchịagha ahọpụtara na-eji akara aka na iwu olu ahaziri ahazi. Amachibidoro nrịbama ọtụtụ mmadụ na ọgbaghara.

•  Mmegharị crane dị nro: Ịkwali elu, slewing (swinging), na luffing (boom derricking) ga-anọgide na-adị ire ụtọ na ngwa ngwa. Zenarị nkwụsị mberede, ntụgharị dị nkọ, ma ọ bụ ibu ujo. Ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ala ga-eji ahịrị mkpado (ụdọ ntuziaka) kwụsie ike na nghazi akụrụngwa ma gbochie nkukota na ihe ndị dị adị.

•  Ọnọdụ na nkwado nwa oge ozugbo: Ozugbo ị nọ ọdụ na nkwado na-adịgide adịgide, kpomkwem kpomkwem mma-akụ anyụike grid, elu, na plọb kwụ ọtọ. Ngwa ngwa wụnye struts nkwado nwa oge ma mechie eriri guy.

• Line Safety Red Line: ahapụla nko kreenu ruo mgbeihe owuwu ígwèna-etolite usoro nhazi kwụsiri ike, na-akwado onwe ya.

8. Njikọ na-adịgide adịgide na ọrụ mmecha

•  Ike dị elu nke mbụ: bute ụzọ ikegide bolt ike dị elu ụzọ. Soro usoro mmechi nke agba abụọ ahụ nke ọma: "Mbido Tightening → Ikpeazụ Torque Tightening". Kanye akara nke ọma na bolt ọ bụla ka emechara nke ikpeazụ iji gbochie bolts furu efu, agbaze ma ọ bụ karịa.

•  N'elu saịtị ịgbado ọkụ: Mee butt na ibe welds na multi-pass layers, ma na-eme ule na-adịghị emebi emebi (NDT) ozugbo ka emechara.

•  Nchịkọta Nhazi Nhazi: Tụgharịa akụkụ niile n'ozuzu ya, elu na ụkpụrụ ngbanwe. Ozugbo enwetara asambodo dị ka nnabata, kwatuo ngwa mbuli elu, nkwado nwa oge na jig mgbakọ ala.

•  Ndozi mkpuchi & inyefe: metụ ihe mgbochi corrosion na mkpuchi ọkụ mebie n'ofe mpaghara emetụtara iji mechaa nrụnye emechara.

III. Mkpachapụ anya na saịtị (Isi ọnyà iji zere)

1. Mgbakọ Quality Control Points

•  Solid Jig Foundation: Ala dị n'okpuru jig mgbakọ ahụ ga-abụrịrị nke siri ike, gbakọọ ọnụ, yana larịị. Amachibidoro ịrụ ọrụ mgbakọ n'ala dị nro ma ọ bụ n'ala mmiri juru n'oge ihu igwe mmiri iji gbochie mmezi na-enweghị isi.

• Nchịkwa tupu camber siri ike: Tọọ nke ọma tupu camber (mkpọmkwem mgbago elu) maka ndị otu buru ibu dịka ụkpụrụ imewe siri dị. Lelee nha ugboro abụọ tupu mgbakọ na mgbe emechara ka ị gbochie ịda ala ka e guzobechara.

•  Machibido ịgbado ọkụ ihu igwe siri ike: kwụsị ịgbado ọkụ n'ikuku ozugbo n'oge ifufe siri ike, mmiri ozuzo, snow, ma ọ bụ okpomoku oyi. Gbaa mbọ hụ na ejiri ọkụ kpo oku kpochaa n'elu igwe dị mmiri mmiri nke ọma tupu ịmalite ịgbado ọkụ.

• Chekwaa ihu mgbagha Bolt siri ike dị elu: Chekwaa nke ọma ebe mgbako kọntaktị bolt. A machibidoro iwu ịkwanye ihe, mmetọ mmanụ, ma ọ bụ weld spatter ọkụ, na-ahụ na ọnụọgụ ntọhapụ dabara ụkpụrụ injinia.

2. Amanyere iwu ibuli Safety ahịrị uhie

•  Machibidoro ihu igwe: Amachibidoro ibuli elu n'oge ifufe siri ike nke Force 6 na karịa (ifufe ọsọ ≥ 10.8 m/s), oke ikuku, oke mmiri ozuzo, ma ọ bụ mgbe ọkụ abalị ezughị oke.

•  Nkwado crane Outrigger: A ga-akwadorịrị ndị na-ebupụta crane n'ụzọ zuru oke site na nnukwu efere nkesa nchara nchara n'elu ala siri ike, kwenyesiri ike iji gbochie ntunye kreenu ma ọ bụ pụọ na ntụmadị.

• Mpaghara mwepu nchekwa siri ike: guzobe ihe mgbochi siri ike na mpaghara mkpochapụ n'ime oghere crane na-arụ ọrụ. A machibidoro ndị ọrụ na-enweghị ikike ịbanye, gafere ma ọ bụ nọrọ na mpaghara ahụ.

•  Nlebanya Rigging tupu Mgbanwe: Nyochaa akụrụngwa niile na-ebuli elu, ngwa mgbawa, na eriri waya tupu mgbanwe ọrụ ọ bụla. Dochie ozugbo ma ọ bụrụ na eriri waya gbajiri agbaji, oke oke, ma ọ bụ kinks/deformations gafere oke ekwenyere.

3. Ihe ize ndụ ndị a na-ahụkarị na usoro mgbochi

•  Nrụpụta akụrụngwa karịrị oke: camber emebere nke ọma, gbakwunye struts nkwado nwa oge, soro usoro ịgbado ọkụ n'ụdị, ma mee nlele ibu ọnọdụ ebuli zuru oke.

•  Ịkwalite akwa akwa: Mepụta nhazi nhazi pụrụ iche maka ibuli akpa, hụ na ịgbado ọkụ zuru oke na nyocha 100% NDT, ma machibido ebe ebuli elu anaghị akwado.

•  Crane Ground Settlement ma ọ bụ Tipping: Nyochaa ma mee ka ala sie ike tupu oge eruo, tinye efere nchara dị arọ n'okpuru ihe mgbapụ, wee nyochaa nhazi ala n'oge ebuli nnwale.

•  Akwụsịghị ihe n'ụkpụrụ ka etinyere ya: Wụnye ngwa ngwa guy eriri na struts nkwado nwa oge, na-eme ka ụkpụrụ ahụ sie ike: "Ahapụla nko crane tupu echekwa ya."

•  Ike siri ike dị elu: Chedo nke ọma n'elu ebe kọntaktị na-ese okwu, tinye usoro nchichi torque ahaziri ahazi, wee lelee na akara ụcha bolt ọ bụla mgbe emechara.

IV. Nchịkọta

Isi njikwa mgbagha nkeon-site ígwè Ọdịdị mgbakọna integral hoisting nwere ike ichikota dị ka: nkenke n'ala mgbakọ, isiike jig njikwa, siri ike hoisting mgbako, dị nro na-awụlikwa elu, na mgbe na-ahapụghị nko tupu ichekwa.

Site n'ịchịkwa ogidi anọ dị oke egwu - àgwà jig, nrụrụ ịgbado ọkụ, ọnọdụ ibuli ibu, na nkwụsi ike nhazi nwa oge - enwere ike igbochi ntụpọ ihe owuwu ụlọ na ihe mberede nchekwa, na-enye ihe ngwọta dị mma, nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya na nke ọma maka nhazi nhazi ígwè dị ukwuu.